Surviving a radiation emergency like a nuclear attack requires immediate action to reduce exposure and find adequate shelter. The principles of radiation survival are to maximize distance from the source, increase shielding, and minimize time of exposure.
During a nuclear or radiological eventThe first 10–20 minutes
- Do not look at the flash or fireball, as it can cause blindness.
- Get inside immediately. As soon as an alert is issued or a detonation occurs, get inside the nearest sturdy building, preferably one made of concrete or brick. Outdoor areas, vehicles, and mobile homes do not provide adequate protection.
- Take cover if caught outside. If you cannot get inside, take cover behind any object that might offer protection, lie flat on the ground, and cover your head. The blast wave can take 30 seconds or more to arrive after the flash.
When you are inside a shelter
- Seek the most protected area. Go to a basement or the center of a tall building, staying away from windows and exterior walls. Dense materials like concrete, earth, and bricks offer better protection.
- Shut off ventilation. Close and lock windows and doors, and turn off systems that bring in outside air.
- Stay inside. Remain indoors for at least 24 hours, as radiation levels decrease significantly. Authorities will advise when it's safe to leave, which could be up to a month in severe cases.
- Prepare for a long stay. Have an emergency kit ready with essentials like water, food, a radio, and medications.
After finding shelterDecontaminate yourself and your pets
- Remove contaminated clothing. Take off your outer layer to remove a significant amount of radioactive material, seal it in a bag, and keep it away from others.
- Wash with soap and water. Shower or wash exposed skin and hair, avoiding conditioner.
- Gently brush pets. If pets were outside, brush and wash them to remove fallout.
Follow official guidance
- Stay tuned for instructions. Use a radio to get updates from emergency officials and follow their directions.
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